In my opinion Php has a great future because of the fact that it is open source while asp is the ownership of Microsoft meaning that you have to pay before being able to use it.
Well .NET really has some nice advantages, but at the same time PHP has a huge amount of free and open applications you can download and modify. I am sure there are open source .NET apps too, just a fraction compaired to PHP though.
PHP and ASP are server side languages. The processing is done at the host computer.
Javascript is a client side language. It's not a full language, so relies on something else like HTML to develop the page.
JAVA is a full language that works for developing applications or websites.
Which to choose depends on what you want it to do and what you want to spend.
If you are storing a lot of customer data, then you'd want to be server side.
A lot of flashy presentation but not much change in content would be better suited for client side.